A vaccine against Hepatitis B has been available since 1982, with the effectiveness reached 95% in preventing virus attacks and its complications. However, Hepatitis B still remains a life-threatening liver disease, because it causes fatal complications such as cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.
Many people who suffer from Hepatitis B is not revealing the signs and symptoms of this disease so often recently detected when patients are already at the stage of chronic and even reach the complications. Public knowledge about what is actually a disease Hepatitis B prevention, here's how this still relatively limited.
Know your Hepatitis B as one of the Liver Disease with Deadly Complications
Hepatitis B is divided into two types: acute and chronic. Some people suffer from Hepatitis B in the shortest time, and his condition improved. This is called Acute Hepatitis B. Sometimes, the virus causes Hepatitis B infections cause long term, Chronic Hepatitis B.
Anyone who is at risk of getting infected Chronic Hepatitis B? More vulnerable age groups exposed to Chronic Hepatitis B among these are infants and children. In fact, the risk of Hepatitis B to develop into chronic depending on the age of the first time someone infected with the liver disease. Children aged under 6 years old are infected with the Hepatitis B virus is the most at risk of suffering from chronic Hepatitis B at a later date.
Statistics noted that in infants and children, 80-90% of children infected with the Hepatitis B virus in the first years of life will suffer from chronic Hepatitis B thereafter. Over the age of 1 year, the percentage decreased to become 30-50%, but this figure is still much higher compared to the risk of disease progression of Chronic Hepatitis B in adults only 5% only.
Hepatitis B transmission method and Key groups that are vulnerable to being infected
How is Hepatitis B virus transmission? A person can be infected with Hepatitis B virus when he was in contact with blood and body fluid of an infected person. In fact, viruses cause liver disease it can survive outside the body for at least 7 days. During the 7 days outside the body, the cause of the Hepatitis B virus can still cause infection if the virus enters the human body that is not protected by the vaccine.
The average incubation period of the virus causes Hepatitis B is 75 days, however for patients with the duration can vary between 30-180 days. Hepatitis B virus in the body can be detected between 30-60 days post infection. After that, the virus can survive in the body and, here's the most feared, the virus still persists it can develop into chronic Hepatitis B.
Viewed from Hepatitis B virus transmission method, it can be inferred that this liver disease can be transmitted from one person to another in several ways. The first is the disease can be transmitted through sex with Hepatitis sufferers without the use of a condom (on same-sex couples, sex and different sex couples have sex with multiple people or with the workers commercial sex has a higher risk).
Besides Hepatitis B can be transmitted through the use of syringes by turns, a tattoo or piercing with equipment that is not sterile, and share the personal nature of goods such as razors or toothpaste. Transmission of Hepatitis B virus in the medical world was not rare, either through surgical procedures or equipment commonly used by dentists are not sterilized properly. In fact, the health care personnel who are in the forefront of patient service line such as a doctor or nurse is also vulnerable exposed Hepatitis B when not applying the universal precaution.
A pregnant women who suffer from diseases of the liver can also pass it on babies who were he siblings. To that end, health workers recommend all pregnant women for self checked whether they are infected with Hepatitis B or not. If a mother infected with Hepatitis B, which he had borne a baby can get therapy to prevent it taking part of contracting Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B sufferers Typically experience the Following signs and symptoms
Most of the people who suffered from Hepatitis B, do not feel any symptoms in the acute phase of infection. Even so, most people who experience acute Hepatitis B infection experienced a series of symptoms that last for a few weeks, these include: great fatigue, headache, low-grade fever, loss of appetite, nausea vomiting, abdominal pain , and dark colored urine. Besides jaundice has occurred, i.e. the yellowish eyes and skin. Normally, the liver disease is jaundice will appear so the other signs and symptoms begin to subside.
How to know if a person is suffering from Hepatitis B? Presumably, it is not enough to diagnose this disease only through signs and symptoms that appear. An accurate diagnosis to enforce the required laboratory tests. Not only laboratory tests can determine whether a person is exposed to Hepatitis B or not, but also whether the stage of the infection is still at the stage of acute or chronic phase are on already.
Treatment and prevention of Hepatitis B
See the large number of cases of Hepatitis B sufferers and how easy this infectious liver disease from one person to another, appropriate therapy is needed. For Acute Hepatitis B itself there is no specific therapy. Therapy on acute Hepatitis B more aims to maintain comfort and balance of nutrients that are adekuat, including replacing body fluids that are lost when the sufferer experienced vomiting and diarrhea.
Whereas Chronic Hepatitis B infection can be countered with the treatment that includes antiviral agents. Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in aim to slow the progression of the disease so as not to lead to complications like cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. In addition, the therapy on liver disease is also aimed at improving the durability of sufferers within a longer time (long-term).
Oral drugs recommended by the World Health Organization is tenofovir or entecavir. Both types of drugs is recommended because it is two kinds of drugs in suppressing potential virus causes Hepatitis b. Either tenofovir or entecavir rarely cause drug resistance compared to other types of drugs. For sufferers, the consumption of both types of these drugs including simple because only need to consume 1 grain pills in one day. In addition, the side effects of both types of drugs is relatively minimal so that only requires surveillance that is not too tight.
Unfortunately, in most cases this liver disease sufferers, treatment does not cure the infection received in total, but only suppresses viral reproduction. In such cases, the sufferer should undergo treatment for Hepatitis B, all his life.
How to prevent Hepatitis B? Hepatitis B prevention information which should be known not only for groups that are at risk, but also for the wider community and young people in particular. Prevention of Hepatitis B vaccination is the main thing, which has been known as prevention methods that are safe and effective. Since 1982, over 1 billion doses of Hepatitis B vaccine already in use around the world. In many countries where sufferers of Chronic Hepatitis B in children up to 15%, vaccination was able to suppress the figure to be less than 1%.
As recommended by the World Health Organization, all babies get Hepatitis B vaccination is mandatory as soon as it was born, it is better if before 24 hours. This is because the percentage of development of chronic liver disease be infection most of one year's first baby. So, give Hepatitis B vaccination in the newborn as soon as possible will help suppress the risk of infected with Hepatitis B and the risk of experiencing chronic Hepatitis B at a later date.
All children and adolescents aged under 18 years who previously have not been getting vaccinations should get vaccinated against the Hepatitis B if they lived in areas of low endemisitasnya rate. High risk groups any mandatory vaccinations. Individuals who are included in the high risk groups among which are: individuals who often get blood transfusions, dialysis patients, organ donors and recipients.
Also included in this group are at high risk of being infected liver disease this is the users of drugs with a syringe; individuals who do sexual contact with sufferers of Chronic Hepatitis B; individuals who had sexual intercourse with more than one person; health workers or workers who are exposed to blood or blood products during his tenure; and individuals who travel to areas of endemic Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B prevention not only through vaccination. The enforcement screening for blood products to ensure a person receiving blood transfusions are safe is very important. For health workers, it is very dihimbau to implement a safe injection methods. Further, the practice of safe sex (sexual intercourse with only rightful and couples use condoms) can also help fight the spread of the Hepatitis B virus.
Cirrhosis of the liver: Liver Disease that occurs when the cells of the liver Suffered permanent damage
As mentioned earlier, one of the complications of Hepatitis B is a liver cirrhosis. A person experiencing liver cirrhosis when healthy cells in the heart are replaced by scar tissue, which causes its structure and its functions being abnormal. This happened after the liver cells that person suffered damage in a shorter period of time.
Scar tissue causes liver surface rough and tough, and after some time, the organs would have experienced failure of the function. This is because the scarring on the liver makes blood flows through the difficult major blood vessels leading to the heart. Now the blood towards the heart will flow back, led to the spleen, and will ultimately cause problems in these organs.
Cirrhosis of the liver in liver disease including dangerous. What is the impact of cirrhosis of the liver for liver itself? We all know that the liver is a very important body organs. There are many metabolic functions performed by the liver. Two of them are producing a substance that is required by the body (such as the blood clotting protein which is important to stop bleeding) and disposing of waste substances which are harmful to the body (such as a drug processing leftover).
The liver also performs an important role in regulating blood sugar levels and intake of fat that the body uses as fuel metabolism and daily activities. In order to perform all the functions that have been mentioned, of course liver cells have to be in a healthy condition and prima so they can work normally. In cirrhosis of the liver, liver cells have been damaged so that certain someone who suffered from cirrhosis of the liver functions of his body will undergo a lot of distractions.
Besides Hepatitis B, here are some Other possible causes of cirrhosis of the liver
Liver disease is not stand alone, but are always preceded by certain diseases which are already owned by someone. It has been clear that cirrhosis of the liver is a ' continuation ' of Chronic Hepatitis B. However, there are other causes that can also lead to cirrhosis of the liver, such as the following:
Alcohol consumption
Many of us heard the case of alcoholics that ended horribly with severe liver disease. In fact, someone who loves to consume alcohol, let alone up to exaggeration, indeed should be wary of the damage that will occur in the livernya. Drinking too much alcohol over the years can cause perlemakan (fatty liver) and inflammation of the liver, which in turn can increase the risk of a person exposed to cirrhosis of the liver.
Fatty liver
Fatty liver is the swelling of the liver due to excessive fat deposits in the liver cells. Not only alcohol drinkers can experience a fatty liver. There are several conditions that cause a person can experience a build-up of fat in the cells of the heart, such as: being overweight, having diabetes, cholesterol levels and triglycerides in the blood, and high blood pressure.
Autoimmune hepatitis
In autoimmune hepatitis, diseases of the liver that occurs is not caused by a virus but by the body's own defense system that became uncontrolled and attack the cells of the liver. Many doctors who predicted that the disorder is genetic, which means it is passed down in the family. Autoimmune hepatitis is more prevalent in women than men.
Damage to the bile duct
The bile duct is a small channel that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. When the channel is clogged due to trauma or a specific disease (e.g. gallstones), bile that was intended to be channeled into the intestine will turn towards the liver and can lead to cirrhosis of the liver.
Signs and symptoms of liver cirrhosis
Initially, cirrhosis of the liver can still be compensated by the body so that a person will not experience certain symptoms. Though his heart cells are already damaged, but still quite a lot of healthy cells to perform tasks to meet the needs of the body. This healthy cells compensate or take over the task of damaged cells.
However, if one does not also aware of liver diseases that thrive in the middle of her body, and she didn't get a good therapy, this condition will worsen over time. The cells of a healthy heart has slowly will not longer able to do the task weighs. As a result many bodily functions that are not going well. The body also became full of toxins due to the liver is not able to dispose of the remains of the metabolism. From there then will appear the following disturbances:
Bleeding from major blood vessels in the esophagus
A buildup of fluid in the abdomen, which is in the medical world known as ascites
The buildup of toxins in the blood
Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
Kidney stones
Easy bruising and bleed
The threat of liver cancer: Another Complication of Hepatitis B
Liver cancer occurs when the cells of the liver cells suffer so that its growth becomes uncontrolled and form a tumor. Same as Hepatitis B and cirrhosis of the liver, liver disease, this does not cause any signs and symptoms while still in the early stages. When have started revealing the signs and symptoms, a person who is suffering from cancer of the liver may be losing weight (although not currently in a diet program), loss of appetite, pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, swelling of the abdomen, jaundice, and the stool becomes white.
Besides Hepatitis B, there are several possible causes of liver cancer. But keep in mind that some of the possible causes is not an exact cause, but rather the risk factor. In a sense, when a person has one or more of several possible causes, risk to suffer from liver cancer will increase. Cancer itself is not yet known the exact cause until now. However, knowing some of the possible causes listed below, the risk of suffering from liver cancer can be pressed is minimal as possible.
Liver cirrhosis and other liver diseases
Damage to liver cells cause the formation of scar tissue progressively and permanently. The scar tissue growing enlarge someone's risk for suffering from liver cancer. Cirrhosis of the liver itself is also a complication of Hepatitis b. in addition to cirrhosis of the liver, there are some conditions of a rare liver disease and passed down in families, such as hemakromatosis and Wilson's disease.
Diabetes
Before eating, a person's blood sugar levels should be in the range of 70-130 mg/dL. Two hours after a meal, the figure must be below 180 mg/dL. Whereas when in a State of fasting (not eating for at least eight hours), blood sugar levels should be less than 100 mg/dL. Someone who has blood sugar levels above the normal range have a greater risk for suffering from liver disease this fierce compared to someone who has normal blood sugar levels.
Fatty liver
We mentioned above that fatty liver is one of the causes of cirrhosis of the liver. As it turned out, the conditions of the program to be one of several possible causes of liver cancer. Therefore, this should be enough reason for many people to avoid things that can cause the occurrence of fatty liver, such as excess alcohol consumption and consumption of foods that contain lots of fat.
"If I Had Cancer Of The Liver?"
To answer these questions is not enough for your doctor or other health worker saw only signs and symptoms that appear only. Certainly health workers don't want to incorrectly diagnose, isn't it? The following are some of the procedures that need to be done to uphold this liver disease diagnosis accurately:
Blood tests, which would clarify whether there is any abnormality of liver function or not
Ultrasonography (ultrasound), computerized tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will usually be recommended by a doctor.
Take some examples of liver tissue for examination in the laboratory.
The process of sampling tissue from an organ of the body is called a biopsy. At the time of biopsy, your doctor will insert a thin needle. The needles penetrate the skin and into the liver to get an example network. In the laboratory, the doctor will examine the tissue sample under a microscope to look for the presence of cancer cells.
The biopsy procedure does carry some risk, such as bleeding, bruising, and infection. However, concerning this procedure can enforce the cancer diagnosis are definitive (definite), doctors and health care personnel involved will strive mightily to suppress such risks may be minimal.
Liver disease so this works terdiagnosa, a doctor with the help of a CT scan and an MRI will work to determine the size of the cancer, the cancer is surely the advent of location, and whether the cancer has already spread. If it spreads, the doctor will also determine the extent of spread of the cancer.
"If I Was Suffering From Liver Cancer, Do I Get Rid Of?"
Cure of liver cancer will depend largely on the accepted therapy. While therapy is accepted also very depending on the disease stase (location, size, and distribution), the age of sufferers, and the State of health of the sufferer as a whole. There are several methods of therapy on liver cancer:
Surgery to take out the tumor
After a thorough examination, sometimes doctors will recommend surgery to take out the cancer cells that exist in the liver. The possibility of a small part of the healthy liver tissue around the cancer cells will also join the taken, but this will only be done if the affected area is relatively small cancer liver function and overall still good.
Liver transplantation
Talk about a liver transplant might be making memories of Indonesia Society fixed on Dahlan Iskan, disease of the liver sufferer who became the first successful figure of receiving healthy liver from a donor. At that time (in 2007), our country has not been able to do its own liver transplant surgery so that he would have to do the procedure in China. But along with the success of the process that he went through a liver transplant, the ability of health workers in Indonesia ever growing rapidly so that the transplant operations in the country began to be able to do.
Radiation
In this procedure, a person who is suffering from liver cancer will lie on the table and a machine would produce high-energy rays that would ' shoot ' specific points on the body. X rays and protons is used to destroy cancer cells and shrink the size of the tumor. The doctor will be very careful so that the rays can lead to damaged tissue and avoid healthy tissue.
Drug
Multiple drugs used in liver disease because of this therapy proved able to slow or stop cancer cells from growing. At the very least, the drug will inhibit the development of cancer cells a few months longer compared to when someone does not undergo therapy is nothing at all.
Palliative care
Palliative care aims to relieve the pain and discomfort in patients of cancer or other chronic diseases. Palliative care can be done in line with other therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. This method of therapy carried out by a team of doctors, nurses, health workers and other professionals who have been trained in the field of chronic disease care. The goal of palliative care is to improve the quality of life of the patient. However, this therapy method belongs to the new in Indonesia and still undergoing development.
Hepatitis B overview of do no harm. But from the description length above, we now know that this liver disease should not be considered one eye. So the article can we tell about the Hepatitis B disease and its complications, hopefully can bring benefits to all of us
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